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Think about chlorine, and I encourage you to pause the video and think about that. We go through a period, as say as we start in group one, and we go to group, andĪs we go all the way all the way to, let's say the halogens, all the way up to the yellowĬolumn right over here, what do you think is going to be the trend for electronegativity? And once again, one way to think about it is to think about the extremes. So now that we know whatĮlectronegativity is, let's think a little bit about what is, as we go through, as we start, as we go through, as And especially when you start going into oxidation numbersĪnd things like that, electronegativity will tell you a lot. And also when you study organic chemistry, a lot of the likely reactions that are going to happen can be predicted, or a lot of the likely molecules that form can be predicted based The properties that it does, and we go into much more inĭepth in that in other videos. On this side right over here, which is why water has many of Negative charge on this side, and partial positive charges Because, because we know that oxygen is more electronegative, and the electrons spend more time around oxygen then around hydrogen, it creates a partial Idea in chemistry, and especially later on as Oxygen is more electronegative, and we'll talk about And these, these twoĮlectrons are gonna spend more time around the oxygen, then are going to spendĪround the hydrogen. Time around the oxygen then they are going to That this bond represents, are going to spend more And so, in this type of a covalent bond, the electrons, the two electrons But as we know, the electrons are in this kind of blur around, around the, around the actual nuclei, around the atoms that make up the atoms. Here I did it kind of just drawing these, you know, these valenceĮlectrons as these dots. And so these electrons are not gonna spend an even amount of time. But when you have these covalent bonds, only in the case where they are equally electronegative would you have a case where maybe they're sharing, and even there what happens in the rest of the molecule might matter, but when you have something like this, where you have oxygen and hydrogen, they don't have the It's, that it stabilizes it, similar to a, similar to a neon. It's getting the electron, an electron, it's sharing an electronįrom each of these hydrogens, and so it can feel like
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And then this oxygen can feel like it's a quid pro quo, it's getting something inĮxchange for something else. And likewise, that electron could be, can be shared with the hydrogen, and the hydrogen can kind Of feel like it's using both and it gets more stable, it stabilizes the outer shell, or it stabilizes the hydrogen. This, this electron canīe shared in conjunction with this electron for this hydrogen. Hey I'm stable like neon if I could get two more electrons. I'm stable like helium if it could get another electron. Only requires two electrons, the rest of them require eight, hydrogen would feel, hey Pretend like it had another electron then it would haveĪn electron configuration a stable, first shell that Hydrogen would be happy if it was able to somehow One, two, three, four,įive, six valence electrons. Here, at it's outermost shell, it has one, two, three, four,įive, six valence electrons. Have one valence electron, and the oxygen has, we see Water, as you probably know, is H two O, you have an oxygen atom, and you have two hydrogens. Let's think about one of the most famous sets of covalent bonds, and that's what you see And to think about, to just think about electronegativity makes itĪ little bit more tangible. Of a covalent bond, how much electron affinity is there? Well this, you can think of itĪs a slightly broader notion, but these two trends go absolutely
And you can see that these are very, these are very related notions. Much they like electrons, or how much affinity they So how badly wants to hog, and this is an informalĭefinition clearly, hog electrons, keep the electrons, to spend more of their time closer to them then to the other party In that covalent bond? Now what do I mean by hogging electrons? So let me make, let me write this down. Part of a covalent bond, when it is sharingĮlectrons with another atom, how likely is it or how badly does it want to hog the electrons Maybe want more electrons? Electronegativity is a Is how much does that atom attract electrons, how muchĭoes it like electrons? Does it want, does it Related that in general, if something has a high electronegativity, they have a high electron affinity, but what does this mean? Well, electron affinity Talk about in this video are the notions of Electronegativity, electro, negati, negativity, and a closely, and a closely related idea of Electron Affinity,Įlectron affinity.